When people talk about “managing up”, sometimes it’s framed as a bad thing –
massaging the ego of people in charge so that they treat you well.

In my experience, managing up is usually a lot more practical. Your manager
doesn’t (and can’t!) know every single detail about what you do in your job,
and being aware of what they might not know and giving them the information
they need to do their job well makes everyone’s job a lot easier.

Here are the facts your manager might not know about you and your team that
we’ll cover in this post:

• What’s slowing the team down
• Exactly what individual people on the team are working on
• Where the technical debt is
• How to help you get better at your job
• What your goals are
• What issues they should be escalating
• What extra work you’re doing
• How compensation/promotions work at the company

For each one, I’ll give specific ways you can help get them the information
they need. All of these ways you can help them will also help you – it’s not
just an altruistic endeavor 🙂

This post (like all my writing about working with a manager) assumes that you
generally have a good relationship with your manager.

your manager can’t know every detail about your job

I said this already, but I want to reiterate it: the reason your manager
doesn’t know all these things isn’t because they’re not doing their job. It’s
literally impossible for them to keep track of every detail about every
person’s on their team’s job. It’s normal for managers to rely on their team to keep them
informed about important facts they need to know, especially with more senior
engineers.

Keeping them informed helps them do their job better, and it makes your job a
lot easier too. Let’s talk about how that works!

they might not know: what’s slowing the team down

Sometimes, you’re working on a project and the project is going more slowly
than you hoped. There are always reasons for this – maybe there have been a
lot more bugs than you expected, maybe you’re using a new technology nobody on
the team has ever used before, maybe you’re waiting for another team to do
something. The reasons things are hard change a lot! Even if your manager knew
what was slowing you down 2 weeks ago, maybe that issue has been totally
resolved and you’re onto a totally different problem.

It’s a problem if your manager doesn’t know this mostly because if they know
why you’re stuck, they might be able to help.

what you can do to help: tell them what’s hard about your job

It can feel bad to admit that you’re having trouble with something, but tasks
usually aren’t hard because you’re “slow” or “bad at your job”. Usually it’s
because there’s something concrete that’s making it hard. Identifying what that
thing is and telling your manager about it helps them a lot!

For example, maybe you’re working on a feature and it’s turning out to be MUCH
more complicated than you expected because there are a lot of edge cases that
nobody had thought about. It’s useful for your manager to know that because
sometimes they can help address it! They might:

• Encourage you to take the time you need to figure it out (“it’s really
  important to get all these edge cases right, I’m happy you’re doing this!”)
• Suggest someone who could help you (“Ankita was dealing with those exact
  issues last year, you should talk to her!”)
• Factor it into their planning (“Sounds like that won’t get done this week
  then, good to know”)
• Deprioritize the feature (“Oh, I thought this was going to be a quick fix, if
  this is really complicated we should focus our energy on something else
  instead”)

they might not know: exactly what individual people on the team are working on

Your manager almost certainly knows what the team as a whole is working on
(maybe you’re working on releasing some new site), but do they know that today
you’re working on getting a TLS certificate issued for the site and learning
how CAs work? Maybe not!

The reason this is a problem for them is that someone might ask them “hey
Manager, did your team get that TLS certificate yet?”, and it looks bad for
them to not know the answer, or not be able to easily find out.

what you can do to help: keep them informed about your progress

You can ask your manager how they like to stay updated about what the team is
doing: maybe they want to track everything through the issue tracker, maybe
they want folks to write weekly digest, or maybe they have a different system.

If your team uses an issue tracker, taking a few minutes to keep it up to date
can really help your manager keep a handle on what’s going on! If they can
quickly look at the TLS ticket and see that you’re still working on it, that
saves them a lot of time and means that you can spend your 1:1s discussing more
important and interesting things than “hey, are you done with that TLS
ticket?”.

they might not know: where the technical debt is

Your manager probably broadly understands what technology your team is using.
But, especially if they’ve never worked as a software engineer on your specific
team, they probably don’t know that much about the details! They may not
completely understand the problems you’re having with your current
architecture, or which systems are going to fail soon. They rely on you for
that.

And it’s important for them to know about things like technical debt: if you
have a system that isn’t going to meet your current scaling needs soon and is
going to need a lot of work, that needs to get factored into planning!

what you can do to help: tell them about technical risks!

A couple of examples of things you can tell them about:

• technical debt that’s slowing you down when building new features
• systems that are causing a lot of disruption because they’re unreliable

they might not know: how to help you get better at your job

When I started out, I often felt like there were things I could be doing
differently to do my job better. And that was definitely true! So I was
sometimes confused about why my manager wasn’t giving me feedback about how I
could be doing things better.

The reality is that in most cases, you probably know how to do your job better
than your manager does! You’ve spent a lot more time thinking about the
projects you’re working on, and they definitely can’t just parachute in and
tell you how to improve. Of course, there are lots of times when your manager
does have useful advice for you, but it’s not easy for them to figure out how
to give it to you! Here are a few reasons why:

1. They don’t necessarily even know what you’re struggling with in the first
   place (like we talked about in the last article)
2. Even if they do know, it might not be obvious to them what they can do to
   improve the situation. Some managers are of course better at figuring this
   out than others – it’s not easy!

what you can do to help: identify what you need and ask for it!

Managers often LOVE it when you ask them for something that they can do that
will help you. Here are a few examples of things you could ask for:

• less work: maybe you’re doing 3 projects and it’s too much and it’s
  making all of 3 projects go slowly, and you need to only be working on 2
  things.
• harder work: maybe you don’t feel like you’re learning anything with your
  current work and you want to work on something that’s more of a challenge
• a learning budget: you’re learning about some new technology, and you
  think going to a conference will really help you, and you want a couple of
  days off and the budget to buy a ticket.
• help with an interpersonal situation: maybe you’re having a little bit of
  trouble working with someone else on the team, and you need some advice to
  understand what’s going on with that person and how to work with them more
  effectively.
• specific feedback on work you did: asking for feedback on a specific
  piece of work you did (“hey, do you have any feedback on that migration we
  did?“) is MUCH more effective than just asking “do you have any feedback for
  me?”.

Learning how to do this well takes a lot of practice – if you want to improve
something about your job, it can be hard to break that down into “ok, the
problem is X” and it’s even harder to identify something specific somebody else
could do to address the problem. But if you can do it it’s WAY easier to get
what you want and good managers will be delighted to help you!

It’s also definitely okay to bring up problems when you don’t specifically
know what you need – if you’re not sure how to solve the problem you can
explore possible solutions together!

more you can do to help: tell them your goals!

“Get better at your job” also means different things to different people. So if
you have a specific career goal, it’s important to tell it to your manager! For
example if you want to become an architect / team lead / manager one day, tell
them that! Ask them what skills they think you’ll need to build to get there!
Good managers will be delighted to talk to you about this, figure out what you
need to do, and sponsor your work to
help you get opportunities.

they might not know: what issues they should be escalating

Sometimes issues come up on the team that should actually be dealt with by
someone higher up and that you can’t easily fix on your own. A few examples:

• You’re in a negotiation with a vendor and it’s not going well (vendor
  negotiations happen infrequently and they can be really tricky to handle for
  anyone!)
• You’re stuck because of a conflict in priorities between teams (your team
  needs another team to be doing X, but the other team thinks that the priority
  is Y).

It’s bad to try to handle issues you don’t have the power to fix on your own
because it’ll take forever, it’ll be frustrating for you, and you won’t be able
to make progress.

what you can do: practice escalating issues!

It’s usually not totally clear which things are part of your job and which
things you should be escalating to your manager. The best way to get better at
identifying what should be escalated is to ask your manager about it when you
notice an issue you’re really struggling with! Eventually you’ll learn what
kinds of issues should be escalated and which ones you should tackle on your
own.

Identifying which things you should be escalating to your manager (“hey, I
think you should know about this…”) isn’t easy, but it’s really a win/win
when you can do it – if you escalate it to them, you’re no longer stuck trying
to deal with an issue that’s impossible for you to fix, and they can make sure
it gets done by people who actually have the power to do it.

they might not know: what extra work you’re doing

If you’re doing a bunch of extra work outside your normal job description, your
manager might not realize that! It’s important to bring it up with your manager
so that they can give you credit for that work (put it in your brag
document!).

Sometimes there’s also extra work you’re doing that you shouldn’t be doing
(like in the previous section, maybe it’s something that should be escalated!),
and in those cases telling them can help you stop doing the work.

they might not know: how the company’s compensation and promotions systems work

This one is a little different from the others because you’re not going
to be giving your manager information about this in the same way, but it’s important to be aware of.

I used to think that managers knew everything about compensation / promotions.
Then one day I had a really enlightening conversation with my old manager Jay
where I was asking a question about how compensation worked, and he said “yeah,
I don’t know!”.

I really appreciated how honest he was about it, and it made me realise that
there are a LOT of things a manager might not know about how these systems
work, like:

• what the system for issuing stock refreshes is
• how raises are calculated when someone gets promoted
• what’s actually expected for a promotion to a given level, and whether or not
  it’s the same as what’s written down
• whether / why exceptions are made to the rules
• the basic facts about your compensation (I’ve had jobs where managers knew my
  salary but not what my stock grants were. Apparently this is pretty common!)

what you can do to help: ask about how compensation works!

I’ve found it really valuable to start out conversations about compensation /
promotions in a fact-finding way – instead of saying ”hello, i want a raise”,
it’s a lot easier for everyone to start with “hey, how does this work? can you
explain it to me?”.

This can be especially helpful to new managers because even if they don’t know
the answers right away, they can often find out! So if you ask, it’s an
opportunity for them to go figure out how these systems work.

You can also get general information about how compensation and promotions work from other
managers who are not your manager, if there’s a different manager you have a
good relationship who you’d rather have that conversation with.

Some other sources of uncertainty

There are also a lot of other things your manager might be uncertain about:

• They don’t know how priorities are going to change in the future – if
  there’s a surprise change in priorities, often it’s a surprise to them too!
• They might not know if they’re going to get headcount / how to get headcount:
  if you’re stressed because your team is overloaded and you’d love to hire
  someone, they might need to figure out how to get permission to do that themselves
• They may not know how they’re performing. If they’re uncertain about how
  their next performance review is going to come back or if they just got a bad
  review, sometimes that uncertainty/stress can trickle down in weird ways.
  People are human! I think this is good to be aware of as a possible
  explanation for weird behaviour even if usually they won’t tell you that this
  is happening.

If you get good at this, it’s a superpower

Being good at telling your manager the right information at the right time and
asking for what you need is a superpower. It makes you way more valuable to
have on a team (because your manager knows they can trust you to give them the
information they need), and it’s more likely that you’ll get what you want
(because you’re making it easy for them to do that!).

This skill takes a lot of time to learn but it’s pretty easy to practice. You
can take a few minutes to reflect before your 1:1 with your manager and think
about what might be important to bring up with them.

The great thing about all of this is that you don’t have to guess: if you’re
curious about what your manager knows about a given topic or how you can help
get them the information they need, you can just ask them!

If you want to read more about how to build a good relationship with your manager,
I wrote a zine called Help! I Have a Manager! about it.

Thanks to Jay Shirley for coming up with the idea for this post with me, and to
Akiva Leffert, Allison Kaptur, Camille Fournier, Chirag Davé, Duretti Hirpa,
Evy Kassirer, Jay Shirley, Juan Pablo Buriticá, Kamal Marhubi, Marc Hedlund,
Marco Rogers, and Ronnie Chen for their comments which made it a lot better.
All the problems with it are mine of course 🙂